山地住区立体式防灾空间体系研究

Study On Three-dimensional Space System For Natural Disaster Prevention Of Residential Area In Mountainous City

由于山地城市的土地开发强度不断加大,城市生活对通讯、交通的依赖性也逐渐增加,住区抵御自然灾害的能力堪忧,亟待对住区防灾空间体系进行完善。研究分析了山地自然灾害的特征和住区防灾空间体系建立的难点,总结出避难场所面积不足、疏散通道不畅、生命线系统脆弱等问题,结合住区立体开发的趋势,利用地下空间的抗毁特性,构建立体式防灾空间体系,即通过各项防灾功能的立体叠加,形成地上地下一体化的防灾体系,强调功能在时间和空间上的连续性,并提出该体系的规划策略,即整合防灾要素,建立分层利用的竖向结构,组织立体式救灾通道系统,以共同沟形式构建抗毁性强的生命线系统等。

Due to the increase of land use intensity in mountainous city and dependence of urban life on communication and traffic system, survivability of residential area is worrying when confronted by frequent natural disasters, thus, to construct disaster prevention space system is rather pressing. This paper analyzes the characteristics of natural disaster and difficulties in constructing disaster prevention space system, and summarizes current problems, which are shortage of shelter, deficient evacuation passageway, vulnerable lifeline system, etc. Taking advantage of disaster-resistance capacity of underground space, a three-dimensional space system is proposed. This system means placing disaster prevention functions into vertical structure and integrating above and underground to establish incorporated system, and emphasizes continuity on both time and space. Furthermore, planning strategies are proposed, which are to integrate all disaster prevention functional elements, to form stratification vertical structure, to build stereoscopic evacuation passageway system, to construct common trench to establish survivable lifeline system and so on.