我国台湾地区社区营造政策及其启示

The Analysis Of Community Empowerment Policy In Taiwan, China And Its Implications On The Rural Planning And Construction Management

近年来,乡村人口流失、生态环境恶化、特色产业缺失、传统文化衰败及生活品质下降等成为我国大陆地区乡村规划建设中面临的严峻问题。我国台湾地区于20世纪90年代起开始推行的"社区总体营造计划""新故乡营造计划""健康社区六星计划"能较为成功地应对上述问题。研究对台湾地区社区营造的背景、目标及内涵进行了分析,重点解读了社区营造政策的演变历程,并结合白米社区和桃米社区的营造实践,提出大陆地区乡村规划建设应从完善基础设施建设、加强教育培训、鼓励公众参与和促进多方协作等方面借鉴台湾地区社区营造的政策经验。

In recent years, rural planning and construction in China has facing the problems of the loss of population, degradation of natural environment, lack of characteristic industry, declination of traditional culture, etc. To solve these problems, Taiwan has begun to promote the 'Community Empowerment Movement' since the 1990 s. It successfully solved the above problems. Based on more than ten years' practice, it accomplished the objects of establishing community consciousness, improving the living environment, forming community cultural characteristics. Urban and rural landscape has been improved greatly. This paper focuses on the background, process, policies and effects of this movement, especially on the policy and institutional aspect. This paper also gives some suggestions on the planning and construction of rural area in China's Mainland. The experience of Taiwan can be for reference, such as improving infrastructures, encouraging local participation, strengthening education and promoting multilateral collaboration.