城镇化进程中生态环境响应的时空分异及影响因素研究

Spatial-temporal differences of eco-environment in response to urbanization and the influence factors

基于2006-2015年的面板数据,利用综合指数评价模型和响应指数模型,对30个省份的城镇化水平、生态环境质量和响应指数进行了测度,就其时序特征进行了比较研究;利用系统GMM模型对响应指数进行了因素分析。结果显示:不同省份城镇化水平和生态环境质量差异明显,考察期内二者增速分化严重;东部地区响应指数多为正,中部地区多为负,西部地区正负大体相当,考察期内中部地区响应指数向更优状态转移比率大于东部地区和西部地区;投资型环境规制和费用型环境规制对响应指数分别起到负向和正向调节作用,技术创新和经济发展水平为正向调节作用,产业结构的作用不显著。为促进城镇化与生态环境良性互动,应在加大环境治理投资的同时提高其效率,制定较高的环保税税率并扩大覆盖范围,支持绿色技术创新及其产业化和规模化,推崇绿色健康的生活方式。

Based on the panel data between 2006 and 2015,the level of urbanization,eco-environment quality and response index were measured and their changes in time were compared by using the comprehensive index evaluation model and response index model in this article. Moreover,factors of the response index were analyzed by system GMM model. The results show that there were significant differences in the level of urbanization,eco-environment quality and their growth rate during the investigation period. As for the response index,it was positive in many of the eastern provinces and negative in many of the central provinces and almost equal in western provinces. And the transfer ratio of the response index to better state was greater in the central area than in the other areas during the period. As far as the factors were concerned,investment-linked environmental regulation played a negative role on the response index with positive effects of expense-linked environmental regulation,technological innovation and economic development level and insignificant effect of the industrial structure respectively. In order to promote the benign interaction between urbanization and eco-environment,measures should be taken as follows: increasing investment in environmental governance with the improvement of its efficiency in the same time,constituting a high tax rate for environmental protection and expanding the coverage,supporting green technology innovation and its large-scale industrialization,and advocating green and healthy lifestyle.