天山北坡阜康市土壤侵蚀区域分异特征及防治重点

Regional differentiation characteristics of soil erosion in Fukang city, northern foot of Tianshan Mountains and the prevention and control

土壤侵蚀具有显著的区域分异性,研究土壤侵蚀分异特征对指导区域水土流失防治具有重要意义。文中以天山北坡阜康市为对象,通过综合评判法、空间叠置及地统计等方法,分析土壤侵蚀及主要影响因子空间分异特征,开展水土保持区域布局,划定重点防治范围与对象。结果如下:(1)土壤侵蚀及其影响因子空间分异明显,自然因素是产生土壤侵蚀区域分异的先决条件,人为活动的差异进一步加剧了土壤侵蚀区域分异。(2)区域内土壤侵蚀强度以中度-轻度为主,北部沙漠区以中度风蚀为主,中部平原区为轻度风水复合侵蚀,南部山丘区以中度水蚀为主;土壤侵蚀面积占土地总面积75.35%。(3)划分了北部沙漠防风固沙-生态维护区、中部平原农田防护-人居环境维护区、南部山地水源涵养-生态维护区3个水土保持分区;确定了7片重点防治范围、2448.71km^2的重点防治面积。研究成果可为天山北坡水土流失防治提供技术支撑,为新疆区域水土保持生态环境建设提供科学依据。

Soil erosion has significant regional variability, and the study of soil erosion differentiation is of great importance to the prevention and control of regional water and soil loss. The article takes Fukang city at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains as the object, the characteristics of soil erosion and spatial differentiation of main influencing factors were analyzed by means of comprehensive evaluation, spatial superposition and geostatistics. The regional layout of soil and water conservation was carried out, and the scope and object of key prevention and control were delineated. The conclusions are as follows:(1) Natural factors are the preconditions for regional differentiation of soil erosion;the spatial variation of soil erosion factors was significant, and differences in human activities further aggravate regional differences in soil erosion.(2) The intensity of soil erosion in the region is mainly mild to moderate. The northern desert area mainly belongs moderate wind erosion, the central plain area mainly mild composite erosion, and the southern hilly area mainly moderate water erosion. The soil erosion area accounts for 75.35% of total area.(3) Three water and soil conservation zones were divided, they are the north desert wind-proof and sand-fixation and ecological maintenance zones, the central plain farmland protection and residential environment maintenance zones, and the south mountains water conservation and ecological maintenance zones. Seven key prevention and control areas and objects have been determined, and the key control area is 2448.70 km^2. The research results can provide technical support for the prevention and control of soil erosion in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains and scientific basis for the construction of ecological environment for soil and water conservation in Xinjiang region.