城市居民生活垃圾分类行为研究——基于全国五省的调查分析

The municipal solid waste sorting behaviors of urban residents——Based on the survey of five provinces

2000年以来城市生活垃圾分类收集方案在我国8个试点城市启动,但目前很多城市的垃圾分类收集工作进展并不顺利。居民作为生活垃圾产生者和垃圾分类的主要执行者,其垃圾分类行为决定着垃圾分类收集政策的效果。本研究从居民角度出发,以计划行为理论为基础,综合考虑多方面因素,将垃圾分类设施便利性、人口统计特征包含在内,系统分析生活垃圾分类行为的影响因素。通过主成分分析、回归分析,发现通过显著性检验的影响因素中,社区因素、道德责任对城市居民垃圾分类行为的推动作用较强;态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、环境价值观、宣传教育对城市居民垃圾分类行为的影响较弱。因此,建议把激励城市居民进行垃圾分类的重点放在改善社区垃圾分类设施建设上,提高城市居民垃圾分类的经济性和便利性,同时,强化城市居民环境道德责任感,注重引导,提高垃圾分类的服务质量,促进垃圾分类行为的实施。

Since 2000,the municipal solid waste sorting collection scheme has launched in eight pilot cities of China.However,the waste sorting and collection work in many cities are executed difficultly.As the main producers and the major sorting executives for the municipal solid waste,urban residents determine the effect of the waste sorting policy.This study analyzed the influence factors of the municipal solid waste sorting behavior of urban residents by taking convenience and demographic characteristics into account based on the theory of planned behavior.Through the principal component and regression analyses,it is found that among the influence factors verified by the significance test,the community factor and the moral responsibility play important roles in promoting the waste sorting behavior of urban residents while the attitude,the subjective norm,the perceived behavior control,the environmental value,and the propaganda-education have a weak impact on the waste sorting behavior of urban residents relatively.Therefore,this study suggests that the local government should focus on improving the construction of community waste sorting facilities to realize the improvement of the economy and convenience for urban waste sorting,at the same time,strengthen the sense of environmental ethics of urban residents,pay attention to guidance,improve the quality of service for waste sorting,and promote the implementation of waste sorting behaviors.