混沌的边缘:明长城军事聚落体系自组织临界性研究

Edge of chaos: Study on the self-organized criticality of the military settlement system along the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty

囿于线性墙体的概念,长城沿线聚落体系的系统性和复杂性较少得到关注,从而妨碍对长城的深入认识。文中基于自组织理论和自组织临界性判据,通过计算明长城军事聚落体系网格分维、功率谱指数、Hurst指数和Zipf维数,揭示明长城军事聚落体系在空间、等级和时间三个方面分布的幂律规律,并结合史实给予发生学解释。结果表明:明长城军事聚落体系是一种复杂的空间自组织系统,在空间格局、等级结构和时间涨落方面均呈现分形结构和无标度特征;作为农牧博弈的秩序体现,宏观中央计划性和微观适应活动的自组织性客观统一于明长城军事聚落体系的演进过程。

Limited by the concept of linear wall,the systematicness and complexity of settlement system along the Ming Great Wall has received little attention,thus hampering the deep understanding of the Great Wall.Based on self-organizing theory and self-organized criticality criterions,this research revealed the power law of the distribution of the Ming Great Wall military settlement system in space,grade and time,by calculating the grid fractal dimension,power spectrum index,Hurst index and Zipf dimension,and gave the interpretation of the system evolution with the history.The results show that the military settlement system of Ming Great Wall is a complex spatial self-organizing system,which presents fractal structure and scale-free characteristic in spatial pattern,grade structure and time fluctuation.As the embodiment of the game between agriculture and animal husbandry,the macro-central planning and the micro-adaptive behavior are unified objectively in Ming Great Wall system.