国家公园环境解说服务对引导公众行为的影响

Effects of environmental interpretation service of national park on guiding public’s behavior

国家公园环境解说服务是有效促进环境教育功能、引导公众规范行为的重要途径,但是国内相关实证研究较为缺乏。基于技术接受模型(TAM)和理性行为理论(TRA),本研究尝试揭示国家公园环境解说服务的媒介使用程度、内容学习程度对引导公众环境态度及环境行为的影响机理,在云南普达措国家公园展开问卷调查和实地观察,运用SPSS21.0统计软件,通过层次回归分析法对387份有效问卷进行分析,验证了环境解说媒介有用度对公众学习解说内容有显著的影响,易用度对科学知识内容学习的影响不显著,但对行为规范及行为后果的内容学习有显著影响;公众使用易用度越高的环境解说服务,越有助于增加对环境解说内容的学习效果,更有益于对环境态度和行为意向产生显著影响。本研究探讨了以往单纯以公众满意度为解说服务标准的不合理性,提出了引导公众环境行为的必要性,为其他类型自然保护地环境解说服务工作提供了有益的实践参考。

The environmental interpretation service of national park is an important approach in promoting the environmental education function effectively and guiding the visitors’environmental behaviors,but there is a shortage of relevant empirical study in China.Based on Technology of Acceptance Model and Theory of Reasoned Action,387 survey questionnaires were conducted in Pudacuo National Park of Yunnan Province,China.The results showed that the usefulness of environmental interpretation media was significant to public understanding.Usability of environmental interpretation media has no significant effect on the content of scientific knowledge but has a significant effect on the content of behavioral norms and consequences.The effectively environmental interpretation service will help to increase the public’s learning outcome and has a significant impact on environmental attitudes and behavioral intentions.From the perspective of theoretical enlightenment,this study reveals the influence mechanism of media use and content learning on guiding public environmental attitudes and behaviors,explores to supplement the theoretical system of environmental interpretation in China’s national parks.From the perspective of practical enlightenment,the environmental interpretation of national parks is conducive to guiding the public to achieve the most stringent environmental protection objectives.The content of environmental interpretation should be based on scientific knowledge and popular conciseness.The media allocation should be based on public demand and meet local conditions.The study provides a useful reference for other protected areas.