我国水污染物排放总量控制政策评估

Evaluation on total amount control policy of water pollution discharge in China

采用环境政策评估的一般模式,对我国水污染物排放总量控制政策进行了初步评估。结果显示:我国水环境保护目标不明确,总量控制政策未能围绕保障人体健康和水生态安全这一目标进行设计,同时总量控制政策法律地位的缺失导致其缺乏制度保障;以目标总量控制为主的考核体系,以水环境容量为依据进行计算,以行政区为单位、年为时间尺度,以化学需氧量和氨氮两种主要污染物为依据,以水污染物排放量为主实施的总量控制政策不合理且缺乏科学意义,无法保障水质达标。在此评估的基础之上,提出了相关政策建议。

According to the general model of environmental policy evaluation,we evaluatied preliminarily the total amount control policy of water pollution discharge.Results showed that China’s water environmental protection target was not clear.The total amount control policy failed to design around the goal orientation'safeguard human health and water ecological security',and lacked institutional guarantee due to the absence of legal status.The total amount control policy focused on target gross control evaluation system,the calculation and allocation were based on water environmental capacity,using administrative region as land unit and year as time scale,two major pollutants of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen as the basis,so it was unreasonable and lack of scientific significance and could not guarantee the water quality to reach a set standard.On the basis of evaluation,relevant policy suggestions were put forward.