地域环境与清代卫河流域水灾特征研究

Analysis on the geographical environment and floods characteristics of Weihe Basin in the Qing Dynasty

卫河流域地处华北平原南部,自黄河北岸太行山东麓由西南向东北延伸。此区域四面环河,土壤疏松,加上卫河河道狭窄、多弯,处于季风区等因素的影响,导致卫河流域水灾多发。其洪水来源,不仅限于本流域内山洪暴发、漳卫泛涨,而且还有其它河流泛滥,洪水侵入引起的淹浸。故有清一代,在华北地区乃至整个中国洪水多发的大背景下,卫河流域水灾呈现出洪水来源多样性;水灾突发与不均衡性;时间集中性以及受漳河影响较大等特征。严重的水灾给当地农业生产及居民生活带来诸多影响,研究这些特征,有助于进一步探讨清代卫河流域水灾与地方社会之间的互动关系,展示丰富立体的社会图景。

Weihe basin lies in the south of the North China plain.It extends from south-west that is on the Yellow River’s north bank and the east Taihang Mountain to the north-east.The area is surrounded by rivers,the soil is loose,the channel of Weihe is narrow and curved,and the area is in the monsoon area.all factors resulted in frequent floods in Weihe Basin.The sources of floods were from not only the mountain torrent and Zhang-weihe,but also caused by other rivers.Therefore,in the Qing Dynasty,under the background of frequent floods in North China and even the whole China,the floods in Weihe basin presented several characteristics as followed:the diversity of flood sources,the sudden and uneven floods,and the concentration of time and the great influence of the Zhanghe.Serious floods had brought about many impacts on local agricultural production and residents’lives.Studying on these characteristics helps to further explore the relationship between the floods and local society of Weihe Basin in the Qing Dynasty,and show a rich and three-dimensional social landscape.