生菜在建筑外墙遮阳板、屋顶、阳台的环境适应性和生态效益研究

Environmental adaptability and ecological benefits of vegetables in exterior shade, roof and balcony of buildings

在建筑内部进行农业生产能够使建筑产生从单纯的资源消耗型向生产型的革新性转变。本研究在建筑外墙南向遮阳板(T1)、北向遮阳板(T2)、南向阳台(T3)、西向阳台(T4)和屋顶(T5)进行生菜种植试验,定量分析生菜的环境适应性和生态效益。结果:1)T1、T3叶片数、株高、茎粗和叶片干鲜重与CK差异不显著,形态适应性较好;T4徒长严重,T2和T5生长较弱。2)T1和T3的叶绿素含量和净光合速率高于T2(P=0.01),生理适应性较好;T2的生理适应性较差。3)T1、T3、T4的产量极显著高于T2和T5(P=0.01)。4)T1、T3单株生菜的三维绿量、固碳量释氧量和增湿降温量高于T2、T4和T5,生态效益较好;T2生态效益较差;T4绿量较大,单位面积叶片固碳释氧量和增湿降温量较低;T5绿量较小,单位面积叶片固碳释氧量和增湿降温量较高。总之,生菜在建筑南向遮阳板和南向阳台的环境适应性和生态效益最好,在建筑北向的环境适应性和生态效益最差。光照强度和温度是影响建筑内外过度空间生菜适应性和生态效益的主要因素,建筑朝向对生菜的影响大于建筑构件。

Agricultural production within the building can transform the building from a simple resource consumption type to a production type.In this study,lettuce cultivation experiments were carried out on exterior shade on southern walls(T1),exterior shade on north walls(T2),South Balcony(T3),West Balcony(T4)and Roof(T5)of the building to quantitatively analyze the environmental adaptability and ecological benefits of lettuce.Results show:1)The number of leaves,plant height,stem diameter and leaf dry weight of T1 and T3 were not significantly different from CK,and the morphological adaptability was better;T4 is spindling;growth vigor of lettuces on T5 and T2 was weak with low morphological adaptability.2)The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of lettuces on T1 and T3 were higher than that on T2,T4 and T5,and the physiological adaptability was better;the physiological adaptability of lettuces on T2 was poor.3)The economic yield and biomass of lettuces on T1,T3 and T4 were significantly higher than that on T2 and T5(P=0.01).4.The three-dimensional green quantity,amounts of CO2 absorbed and O2 released,heat absorbed through transpiration of per plant of lettuces on T1 and T3 were higher than that on T2,T4 and T5.Ecological benefits of lettuces on T1 and T3 were better,and that of on T2 were poor.lettuces on T4 had a large three-dimensional green quantity,the amounts of CO2 absorbed and O2 released and heat absorbed through transpiration per unit leaf area were lower.The three-dimensional green quantity of lettuces on T5 was smaller,the amount of CO2 absorbed and O2 released and heat absorbed through transpiration per unit leaf area were higher.In short,the environmental adaptability and ecological benefits of lettuce cultivated on exterior shade on southern walls and south balcony of the building are the best,which on exterior shade on north walls of the building are the worst.Light intensity and temperature are the main factors affecting the adaptability and ecological benefits of lettuce in the excessive space inside and outside the building.The influence of building orientation on lettuce is greater than that of building components.