中国农户储粮损失有多高——基于28省2296户的农户调查

On farm storage loss in China——Based on 2296 households surveys in 28 provinces

受资源条件束缚,减少粮食产后损失成为增加粮食供给的重要举措。利用28省2296户的调研数据,测算中国农户储粮环节损失水平;分品种、分地区、分设施考察农户储粮环节损失差异,识别储粮损失的主要因素;结合我国实际情况进行减损模拟。结果显示:(1)农户储存环节中,花生损失率最低,为0.98%,土豆损失率最高,为8.19%;粳稻、籼稻、小麦、玉米的损失率为1.75%、2.00%、1.86%和2.41%;(2)各地区的粮食储存损失水平存在差异,粮食主产区农户储粮损失水平低于其他地区,分省情况看,安徽省农户储存环节综合损失水平最低,湖南省农户储存环节综合损失水平最高;(3)通过方差分析模型证实,在各类储存设施中,仓类设施储存损失水平最低;(4)不同标准下的减损结果显示,当储存环节损失率降低到1.50%、1.00%、0.15%时,能够分别节约211.05、332.55、539.15万t粮食,相当于节约44.17、65.95、102.98万hm^2耕地,15.98、23.60、36.54万t化肥,可满足468.98、739.02、1198.08万人1年的粮食消费。

Constrained to resources,reducing the post-harvest loss has become an important measure to increase food supply.Using the data of 2296 households in 28 provinces,we measured farm storage loss,investigated the difference in storage loss under species,regions and containers,identified the main factors of storage loss,and simulated the effects of reducing storage loss in different scenarios.The main results were as follows.Firstly,in storage,the loss rate of peanut was the lowest(0.98%),the loss rate of potato was the highest(8.19%),the loss rates of indica,japonica,wheat and maize were 1.75%,2.00%,1.86%and 2.41%,respectively.Secondly,storage loss rates were different in different regions,the storage rate was lower in the main grain producing areas,the comprehensive storage loss rate in Anhui province was the lowest,and it was the highest in Hunan province.Thirdly,variance analysis model confirmed that warehouse had the lowest storage loss rate among all kinds of storage facilities.Fourthly,the results of different scenarios of reducing storage loss showed that when the loss rate dropped to 1.50%,1.00%,and 0.15%,respectively,it could save 2110.5,3325.5,5391.5 thousand tons of grain,respectively.