居民出行的通勤效率评价与比较研究

Commuting characteristics and efficiency evaluation for residents in Beijing metropolitan area: compared with other cities

基于问卷调查数据,以北京都市区为研究案例地,通过构建过剩通勤、通勤容量占有率等相关模型,在描述城市总体通勤特征的背景下,探究了居民属性特征的影响差异,进而测度评价了北京都市区的通勤效率;在此基础上,引入Brotchie的三角模型,对比了国内外不同城市间的通勤效率。研究结果表明:(1)北京都市区居民的区内通勤量占全部通勤量的58.16%;居民单程平均通勤距离12.02km;公共交通是北京居民通勤出行的主要方式。(2)通过通勤效率模型发现北京都市区居民的最小通勤距离为4.19 km,通勤出行中有64.48%属于过剩通勤;通过对比不同城市的通勤效率,发现西安市的通勤效率要高于北京都市区;与国外城市相比,北京都市区通勤效率远低于亚特兰大、都柏林、温哥华。

Commuting as a link between residence and employment area is an important part of residents’travel behavior.Evaluation of the commuter efficiency can reflect the degree of spatial matching of urban residence and employment,and then optimize the urban spatial structure.Based on the questionnaire survey,taking the Beijing metropolitan area as a case study,through construction of the related models of excess commuting and commuting capacity,we explored the influence of residents’attributes on commuting under the background of describing the overall commuting characteristics of the city,and then measured and evaluated the commuting efficiency in Beijing metropolitan area.On this basis,the'triangle model'was introduced to compare commuting efficiency between different cities at home and abroad.The results show that:(1)Beijing urban residents’commuters account for 58.16%of all commuters,the average time of one commuter is 36.66 minutes,and the average commuting distance is 12.02 km.Public transportation is the main way for residents in Beijing metropolitan area,and the factors such as gender,age,education and income are also affect the commuting distance,commuting time and travel mode choice of residents to a certain extent.(2)By the commuting efficiency model,it was found that the minimum commuter distance of urban residents is 4.19 km,and the excess commuting rate is 64.48%.By comparing the commuting efficiency in different cities,it was found that the commuting efficiency of Xi’an is higher than Beijing metropolitan area;compared with the foreign cities,the commuting efficiency of Beijing metropolitan area is far lower than Atlanta,Dublin,and Vancouver.