城市公共服务设施与居住小区空间匹配性研究——以兰州市为例

The rationality of spatial configuration of public service facilities in Lanzhou

借助网络爬虫软件收集到兰州市4593个公共服务设施网点和1291个居住小区的POI数据,运用核密度估计、最近邻指数、协同区位商以及耦合度模型等方法,定量分析公共服务设施与居住小区的空间关联性、与居住小区人口的空间耦合性,测度公共服务设施与居住小区空间匹配性。结果表明:①公共服务设施与居住小区的空间形态和集聚强度均存在显著差异,但二者的KDE栅格值相关系数表明二者具有一定的相关性;②居住小区具有'临近'公共服务设施布局的倾向,反之则不明显,空间匹配呈单向非对称性;③公共服务设施与人口耦合度在街道尺度上差异性显著,城市核心区域耦合度普遍较高,不过部分街道仍存在'盲区',而城市边缘区域耦合度普遍偏低,表明二者的耦合性存在诸多不匹配现象。

With the help of network software,the POI data of 4593 public service facilities and 1291 residential areas in Lanzhou were collected,and the methods of the KDE,NNI,CLQ and coupling model wer used to quantitatively analyze the spatial relationship between public service facilities and communities,spatial coupling between public service facilities and population,and measure the rationality of space allocation of public service facilities.The results show that there are significant differences in spatial morphology and agglomeration intensity between public service facilities and residential areas,but the correlation coefficient of KDE between them indicates that they have certain correlation;the residential districts show the tendency of close to the layout of public service facilities,but on the contrary,it is not obvious,and the space matching is one-way asymmetrical;the coupling of public service facilities and population is significantly different on street scale;the coupling of urban core area is generally high,but some streets still exist blind area,but the coupling degree of urban fringe area is generally low.It is shown that there are many mismatches in the coupling between them.