北京7号桃树(Prunus armeniaca)盛花期霜冻害指标试验研究

Experimental study on frost index of Beijing No. 7 peach trees in full blooms

以北京7号桃树为研究对象,低温强度为主导指标、≤0℃温度持续时间为辅助指标,建立桃树盛花期霜冻害指标体系。采用大田试验,低温霜箱模拟,并结合霜冻历史调查资料分析的方法,得到北京7号桃盛花期花器发生轻霜冻(受冻率≤30%)、中霜冻(受冻率31%~60%)、重霜冻(受冻率61%~80%)和特重霜冻(受冻率≥81%)不同强度霜冻灾害的温度指标分别为最低气温≥-1.8、-1.9^-3.2、-3.3^-4.1、≤-4.2℃;气温≤0℃持续时间分别为≤2.6、2.7~5.2、5.3~7.0、≥7.1h。

The fruit tree’s meteorological frost disasters standards are based on the grading standard of the rates of damaged leaves or seedlings.It gives the temperature index of different damage degree of peach tree,but lacks a complete index system combining different low temperature strength and duration,and does not be directly used in peach blossoms damage.Using field experiment,combined with analysis of frost history data survey,it was showed that When Beijing No.7 peach flower in full blossom occurred light frost(freezing rate was≤30%),moderate frost(freezing rate was 31%~60%),heavy frost(freezing rate was 61%~80%)and special heavy frost(freezing rate was≥81%),the minimum temperatures were≥-1.7,-1.8^-3.0,-3.1^-4.1,≤-4.2℃,respectively,and the duration of temperatures≤0℃were≤2.4,2.5~5.3,5.4~7.2,≥7.3 h,respectively.