国际紧急援助的法律问题研究

On the Legal Problems of International Emergency Assistance

国际紧急援助不同于一般性质的援助,其是指在一国境内突然发生大规模的不可抗力事件,例如,地震、海啸、火山、泥石流等,或者出现无法预知的意外事件,例如,疾病、瘟疫、战争或者武装冲突等,而这些灾难或者事件超过该国自救能力的时候,基于人道主义方面的考虑,国际社会就有必要为该国提供国际援助。尽管,目前国际援助法律体系由全球性多边公约、区域性公约、双边条约、相关国际法律文件和国内法构成,但是,在国际紧急援助实践中暴露出来的一系列问题,说明现阶段相关法律机制应当不断完善。此外,'一带一路'倡议是中国的顶级国家战略,一带一路沿线国家处在地质、气候状况较为复杂的区域,这一区域的国家绝大多数都欠缺自救的能力,在大规模灾难突然爆发时,就需要启动国际紧急援助,在该区域构建一套积极有效的国际紧急援助法律制度对推进'一带一路'倡议有着重要的意义。

International emergency assistance unlike General normal meaning assistance,when the country occur a large-scale force majeure event suddenly,such as earthquake,tsunami,volcano,debris flow,or unexpected events such as disease,plague,war or armed conflict,etc.,a disaster or incident in the country exceeds the country’s capacity for self-help,the international community needs to provide international assistance based on humanitarian considerations. Although the current international assistance legal system is composed of global multilateral conventions,regional conventions,bilateral treaties,relevant international legal documentsand domestic laws,a series of problems have been exposed in the practice of international emergency assistance, indicating that relevant legal mechanisms should Continuous improvement.In addition,'The Belt and Road'is China’s top national strategy,the countries along 'The Belt and Road'which in the geological and climatic conditions are more complex region,the vast majority of countries in this region lack the ability to selfhelp,large-scale disaster suddenly broke out,It is necessary to start international emergency assistance,It is of great significance to build a set of positive and effective international emergency assistance legal systems in the region to promote'The Belt and Road'National Strategy.