非法口供认定标准的变革——以1996～2017年我国非法口供排除规则为考察对象

Changes in Identification Criteria for Illegal Confession:Taking China’s Exclusion Rules of Illegal Evidence from 1996 to 2017 as Research Object

2012年'两高司法解释'首次确立痛苦规则为非法口供的认定标准,2017年《严格排除非法证据规定》将这一标准转变为以痛苦规则为主,兼具自愿性规则要素。在过去的21年间,我国非法口供认定的标准从无到有、由外控式认定标准到复合式认定标准,这一变革进程呈现出由解释性文件确立,由实践推动标准迭代的特征。非法口供认定标准的变化反映了我国被追诉人地位由边缘到核心的变化,刑事诉讼理念由形式法治到实质法治的转化。

In 2012,the judicial interpretations made by the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate firstly established the'pain rules'as the identification criterion for illegal confession,and the'Regulations on Strictly Excluding Illegal Evidence'in 2017 changed this criterion to'be based on pain rules,and include elements of voluntary rules'.During the past twenty-one years,China’s identification criteria for illegal confession have experienced the changes from nonexistence to existence,from external control type to combined type,displaying the characteristics of being regulated by explanatory documents and promoted in practice.The changes in identification criteria for illegal confession also reflect the status of the accused in China has been improved from a marginal state to a core position,and the concepts of criminal litigation are transforming from formal rule of law to substantive rule of law.