论环境侵权诉讼中鉴定意见的采信

Research on Acceptance of Expert Opinion in Environmental Tort Litigation

我国民事诉讼法并没有完善的鉴定意见的质证和认证程序,对鉴定意见的审查主要集中在合法性上,导致在环境侵权诉讼中鉴定意见的证明力不稳定,诉讼当事人质疑法官采信鉴定意见是否妥当,且不知道应准备何种鉴定意见才能说服法官。结合我国法院审理环境侵权诉讼的实务经验,借鉴美国专家证言制度,建议完善鉴定意见的认证和质证规则,在坚持法官对鉴定意见质证主导权的基础上,保障当事人的质证权。通过成立环保审判专家咨询委员会、建立与完善环境资源专家陪审员制度等方式,发挥技术专家的支持和帮助作用,以避免法官采信错误的鉴定意见。

As the Civil Procedure Law of China has no complete procedures for cross-examination and authentication of expert opinion,the examination of expert opinion mainly focuses on its legitimacy,thus weakening the expert opinion’s probative force in the practice of environmental tort litigation.While litigants may doubt whether a judge’s acceptance of expert opinion is appropriate,they have no idea what kind of expert opinion should be prepared to convince the judge.Based on the practical experience of environmental tort litigation in China’s courts and the expert testimony system of the US,we propose to improve the rules of authentication and cross-examination of expert opinion,and protect the litigants’cross-examination right based on guaranteeing the judge’s dominant right in cross-examination of expert opinion.Through the efforts to establish expert advisory committee on environmental trial,improve expert jurors system on environmental resources,the technical experts’supportive and assisting role will be fully played to prevent judges from wrong acceptance of expert opinions.