代购毒品出罪的困境与出路——以两个“毒品会议纪要”为切入点

Dilemmas in Decriminalization of Purchasing Drug on One’s Behalf and Ways out:Taking Two Meeting Summaries on Drug Issues as the Starting Point

为弥补《全国法院毒品犯罪审判工作座谈会纪要》(2015)对代购毒品含义的认定模糊及出罪功能宽泛而导致的打击漏洞,浙江省级公检法机关联合出具会议纪要对代购毒品的含义及出罪功能予以限制,但此举却落入了毒品犯罪打击面过大的窠臼。问题的根源为:牟利是否为贩卖毒品罪的构成要件,以及牟利的含义如何把握。将贩卖毒品行为解释为以牟利为目的,实施毒品与货币交换,或为了实施上述行为而购买毒品,同时将牟利限制为牟取金钱、财物等物质性利益,据此,代购'扣心'、以蹭吸为目的而代购毒品的行为均应定性为贩卖毒品罪,对未牟利的代购少量毒品行为作无罪处理,同时将未牟利的证明责任置于代购人承担。

In the Summary of National Courts’Symposium on Trial of Drug Crimes(2015),the vague definition for purchasing drug on one’s behalf and the broad function of decriminalization became loopholes in the fight against such crimes.In order to make up for such flaws,the provincial-level public security organ,procuratorate and court in Zhejiang jointly issued a meeting summary to restrict the definition and the decriminalization function of purchasing drug on one’s behalf,but this move may excessively expand the scope of crackdown on such crimes.The roots of this problem include whether profit-making is a constitutive condition for crime of trafficking in drug and how to grasp the meaning of profit-making.Drug trafficking can be interpreted as an act to exchange drug with money for making profits,or purchase drug for exchange purpose and pursue material benefits such as money,property,etc.Based on this interpretation,the act of purchasing drug on one’s behalf shall be crime of trafficking in drug if the purchaser furtively uses or embezzles some of the purchased drugs without permission.Non-profit purchase of a small amount of drug is not a crime,but the drug purchaser shall bear the burden of non-profit proof.