“典籍旅行”与“知识侨易”——两册《永乐大典》迁移史表现出的中德学者交谊及其学术兴趣

“Book Travel” and “Knowledge Kiao-Iology”: The Companionship and Academic Interests of German Scholars and Chinese Scholars in the History of the Diffusion of Yongle Encyclopedia

本文在中德学术与文化交流史的宏观视域里考察了两册《永乐大典》的流转轨迹,这虽然只是图书交流史过程中的"吉光片羽",但却勾连出中德文化关系史的多面向度,甚至是知识史旅程中的有趣节点。从德国大学汉学的建立入手,考察汉堡大学馆藏与采购典籍的流程,则不得不从福兰阁与商衍鎏的交谊说起,而颜复礼与袁同礼的图书交换则更体现出相当丰富的文化、知识和学术场域特征。学术上的第三代人则是作为推手的傅吾康,因为他的位置变迁及与颜、袁二位的关系,最终促成了《永乐大典》由德到美(到台)的过程。在这样一种迁移史过程中,书籍就已不再仅仅是一种简单器物而已,而是具有了明显的文化符号功能。

This paper examines the diffusion trajectory of two volumes of Yongle Encyclopedia from the macroscopic perspective of academic and cultural exchanges between China and Germany. Though this trajectory, as a fascinating node of intellectual journey, is a tiny priceless fragment of the diffusion history, it depicts the multiplicity of the history of cultural relations between China and Germany. When looking deeper into the settingup of Sinology in German universities and Chinese Classics' collection and acquisition process of University of Hamburg, we have to start with the companionship of Otto Franke and Shang Yanliu. Furthermore, the book exchanges between Yan Fuli and Yuan Tongli show more profuse cultural, sciential and academic features. The third-generation academic facilitator Wolfgang Franke eventually led to the diffusion of Yongle Encyclopedia from Germany to America(and to Taiwan), which benefited from the changes of his academic position and his relationships with Yan and Yuan. In the diffusion process, those books, which are not only objects, also distinctly carry a symbolic cultural function.