招商港口发展“蛇口模式”的形成

Formation of China Merchants Port’s“Shekou Model”

招商局结合自身的发展历程,提出了'前港、中区、后城’'的港口发展模式。这一模式主要以港口先行、产业园区跟进、配套城市新区开发为基本内容,试图实现港口、产业、城市联动发展,并将政府、企业和其他各类社会资源协调起来,进而实现城市成片区域的整体发展。该模式是招商局在蛇口港和蛇口工业区数十年发展中探索出来的。招商局在蛇口的实践和探索,为中国改革开放开辟了道路。蛇口纳入前海自贸区后,蛇口的改造提升是'蛇口模式'的创新发展,同时招商局在'一带一路'节点上的擘画,可视为新时期'蛇口模式'在海外港口发展项目中的复制与升级。本文将回顾和梳理蛇口港和蛇口工业区的发展历程,着重研究蛇口港与工业区发展相辅相成的策略,探讨'蛇口模式'形成和发展的关键因素,这对于蛇口本身的升级和'一带一路'节点的港口建设均具有重要的参考价值和时代意义。

The China Merchants Groups put forward the port development model "Port-Park-City"(PPC) in recent years. PPC means taking the port construction as an opportunity to develop industrial parks and urban service facilities, and finally to achieve the overall development of the region. This model succeeds in linking the port, park, and city in mobilizing all kinds of resources, including government support and business interest. This PPC model has been developed by the China Merchants Groups in decades of development in Shekou Port and Shekou Industrial Park. The success in Shekou contributes to the success of the reform and opening up in China.Now, Shekou is part of the Qian Hai Free Trade Zone and its transformation and upgrading is the innovation and development of Shekou PPC model.Meanwhile, the China Merchants Groups plans more than 30 ports as important nodes of "One Belt and One Road". Thus,the PPC model will be copied, adjusted and improved in China Merchants Group’s overseas projects. This article will review and examine the development process of Shekou Port and Shekou Industrial Park, focusing on strategy of complementary development of the port and the industrial park. The article will discuss the formation and key factors of Shekou PPC model, which will be of epochal significance in terms of the upgrading of Shekou itself and the overseas port construction in the development of "One Belt and One Road".