宋代两浙路市舶司补探

The Supplementary Exploration in the Maritime Trade Bureau of Liangzhelu During the Song Dynasty

宋代两浙路市舶机构的沿革变迁经历了前市舶司时期(978～989年)、市舶司时期(989～1166年)和后市舶司时期(1166～1275年)三个阶段。其中温州、秀州市舶务废止于嘉定元年(1208年)之后而非庆元元年(1195年)之后。两浙路市舶司废置频仍原因众多,但相当程度上是受对外贸易地理方向影响:两浙路的对外贸易国主要是高丽和日本,二者较弱的贸易实力导致两浙路市舶收入较低;而贸易实力较强的南海诸国主要活跃于广南、福建,大幅分流了两浙路的市舶收入。以上情况相当程度上是受航线航程影响。不同于广南、福建二路广州港和泉州港一枝独秀的格局,两浙路区域经济发达,市舶港口多点开花。两浙路虽市舶收入有限,但在外交、军备、金融、文化等方面扮演了重要角色。中世纪帆船贸易时代,经济发达并不一定等同市舶发达。

The fortunes of the maritime trade bureau(shibosi) of the Liangzhe Circuit depended upon the geographical orientation of foreign trade. Compared to the Guangnan and Fujian Circuits, which could rely upon the profitable exchange with Southeast Asia, the main trading partners of the Liangzhe Circuit, Korea and Japan, offered far less in revenues from customs duties. Moreover, the Guangnan and Fujian circuits had several ports engaged in foreign trade, while the Liangzhe only had one. However, in the age of sail, economic development was not necessarily equivalent to the growth of foreign trade. Despite its more limited impact, the Liangzhe Circuit played an important role in diplomacy, military affairs, finance, and cultural exchange.