WTO专家组、上诉机构“司法解释”合理性研究——以WTO涉美贸易救济争端解决引发的争议为背景

Research on the Legitimacy of the Judicial Interpretation of WTO Panels and Appellate Bodies:A Reflection on the Controversies Arising out of the WTO Disputes Settlement with Regard to U.S.Trade Remedy Laws and Practices

最近美国政府和学界对WTO争端解决实践,尤其是涉美贸易救济争端解决结果不满,指责WTO专家组/上诉机构在进行'司法解释'时增加美国相关协定项下的义务,或减损其权利。笔者通过分析认为,美国政府对WTO'贸易救济'争端解决挞伐的实质是指责专家组/上诉机构的'司法能动性'、僭越其解释权限。WTO专家组/上诉机构并没有越权裁判,美国对WTO争端解决机制的指责和修改动议反映了美国的主权防卫。

The U.S.government and scholars in academic arenas,in recent years,strongly criticized the WTO dispute settlement practices,especially those in which U.S trade remedy practices or laws are involved.The main reproaches of the U.S.are invariably that WTO panels and Appellate Bodies,when discharging their obligation of interpreting WTO Agreements,added obligations or diminished rights of the U.S under WTO Agreements.The author puts forth that the essence of the U.S.accusation lies in whether there should be judicial activism or not,where is the proper line to draw between the panels and Appellate Bodies’authority of treaty interpretation.As a conclusion,the author posits that the U.S.attack on the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and its proposal thereof are reflections of its sovereignty defending.