身份与契约——GATT/WTO体制内“特殊与差别待遇”的契约法研究

Identity and Contract—An Examination on Special and Differential Treatment(S&D) in GATT/WTO System from the Perspective of Contract Law

特殊与差别待遇(S&D)是GATT/WTO体制内发展中成员方建立国际经济新秩序的重要方式及所取得的重要成果。S&D条款的规范特征及执行表明发达成员方未能善意履行其项下义务。鉴于条约法与契约法的密切关糸,本文从契约法角度论证S&D的正当性,主张有必要明确发展中成员方的范围,强化S&D的确定性与约束力;客观上必须一揽子解决这两个问题才能有效发挥其作用;未来多边贸易谈判应继续坚持、强化并切实实施'承担义务的非互惠'模式的S&D。

Special and Differential Treatment(S&D)is an important tool used by developing countries in an effort to construct New International Econom-ic Order in the context of GATT/WTO.The characteristics of S&D clauses and their implementation make us believe that the developed countries didn’t implement obligations under such S&D clauses in good faith.Based on the close relationship between treaty law and contract law,the author firstly establishes the justification of S&D from the perspective of contract law.Furthermore,the author considers it necessary to determine the scope of developing countries and strengthen the determinativeness and binding force simultaneously,which,as prerequisite,would make it effective.At the same time,the non-reciprocal based substantive obligations pattern of S&D should be maintained,strengthened and implemented seriously.