国际习惯法的效力问题研究——从国际社会存在的角度

On the Force of Customary International Law--A Perspective from the Existence of International Society

当代国际法理论对于国际法的效力问题的解释并不能令人满意,而且结论千差万别,但无论是自然法学派还是实在法学派,对于这一问题的解释都不约而同地指向了一个经常为我们忽视的概念,即国际社会。国际社会是国际法渊源形成的背景,也是国际法渊源服务的对象,它是解释国际法效力问题的关键所在。作为国际法最重要的渊源之一,国际习惯法的效力问题的解决也必须从国际社会着手。只有从国际社会的互动特征出发,基于一种社会学研究进路,我们才能给出一个关于国际习惯法效力来源比较合理的解释,包括对国际习惯法在整个国际法渊源中效力层次的解释。

The contemporary theories on international law can not give a satisfactory or even a uniform interpretation on the issue of the basis of the force of international law.When interpreting the basis of the force of international law,both"the natural law school"and"the positive law school"point to the international society,which we usually ignored.The international society is the background on which the rules of international law are created,the object the rules of international law work for and also the key to answer the question mentioned above.The answer to the question about the basis of the force of customary international law,one of the most important sources of international law,also depends on the international society,especially on the interaction of many kinds of elements of the international society.Only in this way can we get a reasonable interpretation of the basis of the force of customary international law,and at which level the customary international law stands among the sources of international law.