IMF与WTO在人民币汇率问题上的管辖关系——基于GATT和IMF协定的考察

Jurisdiction Relationship between IMF and WTO on RMB Exchange Rate Issues——A Study Based on GATT and IMF Agreements

西方国家试图舍弃IMF而采取WTO的争端解决机制来解决人民币汇率问题,为此我们需要廓清IMF与WTO的关系以确定人民币汇率义务的管辖归属和衡量依据。而廓清二者之间的关系需要区分外汇措施和汇率安排。IMF与WTO在外汇平衡例外问题上以技术方法界定彼此的管辖范围;在外汇措施是否与IMF条款相一致的问题上,WTO对IMF的管辖权给予了充分的吸收。但是,汇率安排基本上属于IMF专属领地,GATT的有关规定与此无涉。人民币汇率义务问题应由IMF依IMF协定第4条进行监督,而不应由WTO争端解决机制解决。

The western countries meant to replace IMF with WTO DSB to resolve RMB exchange rate issues,so it is necessary to demarcate the line between IMF and WTO in order to fix the jurisdiction over the RMB exchange rate obligations and the grounds for its evaluation.The proper demarcation needs to differentiate exchange measures from exchange rate arrangements.IMF and WTO follow technical standards to define their boundary on the issue of Balance of Payment Exception,and WTO absorbs IMF’s jurisdiction over the issue on the conformity of exchange measures with IMF Agreement.Exchange rate arrangements,however,fall into the exclusive turf of IMF,and GATT provisions are irrelevant thereto.RMB exchange rate obligations should be under the surveillance by IMF according to Art.IV of IMF Agreement,and the DSB of WTO should not be invoked to settle the case.