论欧盟内部市场跨境金融服务限制措施的认定标准

National Measures Affecting the Free Movement of Financial Services in the EU Internal Market:The Concept of "Restriction"

对特定成员国措施是否属于跨境金融服务限制措施的分析和判断,是对该项措施是否符合共同体法加以认定的前提和基础。在欧盟单一金融服务市场形成、发展和完善的不同阶段,受商品流通领域司法实践的影响,欧洲法院分别采用了宽松的歧视性标准、严格的经济价值标准以及较为合理的功能性标准来认定跨境金融服务限制措施。上述认定标准的演进过程反映了欧盟司法权和成员国金融立法权此消彼长的运动规律。功能性标准的确立表明,欧盟司法权对成员国金融立法权的约束和限制程度有所加强,但前者尚不会对后者产生实质性的威胁。

In order to adjudicate whether a national measure conforms to the Community law,the ECJ shall firstly assess whether it has the restrictive effect on cross-border provision of financial services.As such,a more narrow discrimination test,a stricter economic value test and an appropriate functional test have been adopted in sequence by the ECJ in the stages of European financial market integration.It is evident that case law of financial services has been greatly influenced by ECJ’s rulings on the free movement of goods.The concept of"restriction"reflects the changing delimits of regulatory competency between the Community and Member States.The functional test signals the increasing degree of intervention by the ECJ into national financial regulations,which at present would not essentially endanger the national regulatory competence.