人权保护还是贸易保护——劳动权的视角

Human Rights Protection or Trade Protection——from the Perspective of Labor Rights

本文主要介绍、分析了当前国际学术界对于劳动标准与贸易政策挂钩的理论研究与实践考察的主要观点及分析结论,并着重考察了美国贸易法律中劳动标准与贸易挂钩立法、政策实施的实际效果,以及法学界对于这一立法和政策失败原因的思考、分析。作者认为,从理论到实践,将劳动权利与国际贸易挂钩的立法和政策都受到了来自各方的挑战,美国法学界也对此存在许多强烈的质疑声音。广大发展中国家更是将劳动权利与贸易挂钩政策视为贸易保护主义。这种情况如果不能得到根本性改变,那么,推动劳动权进入国际贸易法律领域的努力就永远不会成功。

This paper principally introduces and analyzes the major views and conclusions concerning the linking of labor standard with trade policy,which were proposed by the international academia;reviews the effects of American legislations and policies that link labor standard and international trade together,as well as the reflections and analysis by the legal community on the failure of the legislations and policies on this issue.The author concludes that in theories or in practice,such legislations and policies have met challenges from the world,even American academia queried them very strongly.Most developing countries view them as protectionism,and oppose them intensively.If this situation can not changed fundamentally,the efforts to push the labor rights into the international trade system will never be successful.