《鹿特丹规则》无单放货规定之研究——兼论其对我国货方的影响

Rotterdam Rules'Provisions on Delivery of Goods without the Original Bill of Lading:Their Impacts on the Cargo's Side of China

在当前的海运实践中,无单放货现象普遍存在。为了解决这一问题,《鹿特丹规则》改变了过去将凭单放货作为承运人一项强制性义务的做法,而改为允许承运人在某些情况下可以无单放货并无需承担法律责任。此种新规定有其积极的意义,但也存在着诸多不成熟和不完善之处。本文在对《鹿特丹规则》无单放货规定加以评述的基础上,着重分析了其对我国货方可能产生的不利影响,以期对我国修改和完善相关立法以及全面评估《鹿特丹规则》能够有所裨益。

Delivery of goods without the original bill of lading is very common in the current shipping practice.In order to solve the problem,the Rotterdam Rules change the carrier's mandatory obligation of delivery of goods with production of bill of lading.Instead,the carrier is allowed under the new convention to deliver goods without the original bill of lading under certain circumstances.These new provisions have their positive significance,but they are still immature and imperfect.This article,based on the analyses of relevant provisions in the Rotterdam Rules and their adverse impacts on the cargo's side of China,seeks to be beneficial to the improvement of our legislation and reach an appropriate evaluation of the Rotterdam Rules.