双边投资条约的范本意识与差别化实践刍议

Bilateral Investment Treaties:In Pursuit of A Template or Differential Practice

以加拿大2004年双边投资条约范本为基础的中加双边投资条约在加拿大国内引发了激烈纷争,这反映出投资条约范本意识的局限性,也表明了当前投资条约范本尚未在根本上消除南北矛盾并体现发展导向的缺陷。投资条约的范本意识缘于投资条约的'底线逻辑'。然而,这种逻辑在投资条约实践中却不断扩张。因此,国际社会应反思双边投资条约范本的局限性,在发展阶段不一致、实力不对称的缔约伙伴之间,积极考虑纳入特殊与差别待遇条款,并限制最惠国待遇条款的多边传导效应,锁定双边投资条约的外溢效应,从而在差异化的双边投资条约实践中实现实质正义的价值追求。

The 2012 China-Canada bilateral Investment Treaty(BIT),which is based on the 2004 Canada Model BIT,raised intense internal conflict in Canada.Such situation reflects the limits of the existing model BITs,which are still concentrating on the North-South division and unfriendly to development.The expansion of model BITs follows such logic that the BIT only draws a bottom line for investment protection.However,such bottom line is increasingly moving forward.In this regard,the international community should rethinking the limits of model BITs.It is suggested that,between asymmetrical contracting parties who are in different development stages,the respective BIT should include special and differential treatment and limit the scope of the most-favored-nation treatment so as to lock the spillover effect of bilateral treaties.Only in such differential BIT practice can the value of substantive justice be achieved.