当代单边主义与多边主义的碰撞及其发展前景

The Collision between Unilateralism and Multilateralism and Its Prospects

单边主义或多边主义是对国家行为的描述,判断的标准是其是否遵循现有的多边规则。现有多边规则建立在国家主权平等基础之上,基于国家同意准则形成和发展,主要大国在这一过程中发挥了主导作用。实践表明,国际贸易格局的变化引发了规则与利益的失衡。一般而言,政府对其国民负责的国家观和国际现实,决定了国家利益成为国家行为的出发点。某些大国为其利益可能违反现有多边规则,采取单边措施。美国政府近期公然违反WTO规则,对中国和其他WTO成员采取单边措施,即为明证。长远看来,由于国家利益驱动,单边主义与多边主义的碰撞是必然的,也是常态;规则的静态性和利益的动态性也催生了新规则的产生。认清此发展规律,秉持'国际法治'的愿景,多边体制广大成员理应坚持、维护和发展多边规则,坚决反对个别或少数成员以'实力'为基础的单边主义行为,以维护'规则取向'的多边体制。

Unilateralism or multilateralism is a kind of description of state acts and is judged by its(non)compliance with current international norms,which are created with the consents of states based on respect for the principles of equal rights of peoples and the sovereign equality of all states.Big Powers are mainly responsible for the creation and development of international norms.Practice shows that the change of international trade situation has caused the imbalance between rules and interests.In general,national governments are bound to act to the interests of their constituents to which they are accountable,and this determines that the national interests becomes the starting point of state acts.Some powerful countries may take unilateral measures for their interests in violation of existing multilateral rules.The U.S.government,who has recently blatantly violated WTO rules and taken unilateral measures against China and other WTO members,is a case in point.In the long run,due to national interests,the collision between unilateralism and multilateralism is inevitable and normal.The static nature of the rules and the dynamic nature of interests have also given birth to new rules.Recognizing the rules of development and adhering to the vision of'international rule of law',the majority of members of the multilateral system should adhere to,maintain and develop multilateral rules and actively fight against unilateral acts based on'strength'by individual or minority members to maintain a'rule-oriented'multilateral system.