海上保险保证:完善抑或摒弃

Warranty in Marine Insurance: Improving or Scrapping

我国海上保险法关于保证的简单规定移植于英国法,英国保险法新近修改了保证制度,我国修改《海商法》时面临完善或摒弃保证制度的问题。参照2015年英国《保险法》完善我国海上保险保证制度,是目前学界的主流观点。但是,完善论存在着根本缺陷,保证制度在我国不仅缺乏相应的理论基础,还将扩大保险法律制度的不统一,导致保险合同条款体系紊乱,在司法实践中也难以准确适用。我国应摒弃海上保险保证,以现有的风险变更制度替代其功能,利用合同条款发挥相应作用。

The simple rule on warranty in Chinese marine insurance law was transplanted from UK.However,the warranty regime in UK has been modified by Insurance Act 2015.As far as the revision of Chinese Maritime Code is concerned,it is necessary to determine whether or not the current warranty rule should be improved.Scholars hold that the act is worth using for reference to improve the code.However,the point of improving is fundamentally flawed.The regime couldn’t survive and thrive in China for the lack of theoretical basis and judicial activism,and it also will lead to the disunity of insurance legal system,and the disorder of insurance contract terms system.Therefore,the rule of warranty should be eradicated from Chinese marine insurance law as its function could be assumed by legal system of alteration of risk and express terms of contract.