近代国人关于政府涉外经济合同观念之演变

Evolution of Modern Chinese Concept of Government’s Foreign-related Economic Contract

近代中国政府与外国公司、银行等订立过大量有关国际贷款、公共工程建设、合资合作经营、商品买卖等内容的政府涉外经济合同。晚清与民国时期,由于不同的历史环境、政治动机,国人关于政府涉外经济合同的公私性质形成截然相反的观点。清末收回利权运动中,国人多将政府涉外经济合同视为私法合同,而民国大革命时期则多将其视为不平等条约。这两种观点不可能同时成立,其中的理论矛盾以及产生两种观点的原因也值得探讨。

The modern Chinese government has made a lot of international economic contracts concerning international loans,public projects construction,joint venture cooperation,commodity trading and so on. In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,due to different historical environments and political motivation,Chinese people had opposite views on the public and private nature of the government’s foreign-related economic contracts. In the late Qing Dynasty,most people regarded the government’s foreign economic contract as a private law contract,while people in the national revolution era regarded it as an unequal treaty. These two views are incompatible. The theoretical contradictions and the reasons for the emergence of these two views are worth discussing.