美国报复性解雇制度及其借鉴

Retaliation Dismissal System of America and Its Referential Significance

美国采行'雇佣自由+例外'的解雇模式,其中报复性解雇制度是'例外'中的核心部分。关于报复性解雇的认定标准、救济程序与责任方式等方面,美国已经形成了较为成熟的规则体系。我国实行'合法事由'的解雇模式,但对报复性解雇现象无法给予有效的救济。借鉴美国经验,我国应当考虑修改《劳动合同法》、制定特别法、构建不当劳动行为制度。

America adopts the dismissal model of freedom of employment and some exceptions,and the retaliation dismissal system is the key of these exceptions.There is a relatively mature system of rules about retaliation dismissal such as identification standards,relief procedures and forms of liability.China carries out the discharge model of lawful reasons,which could not supply effective remedies towards retaliation dismissal.Learning form American experience,it is essential for China to amend the Labor Contract Law,formulate special laws and establish the improper labor practices system.