2018年世界主要国家油气及相关能源政策

Policies of oil & gas and other energy for major countries in 2018

2018年,全球能源治理格局继续变革。全球石油市场格局正在发生巨变,沙特阿拉伯、俄罗斯和美国日益成为能源市场的实际权力掌控者。欧佩克根据市场变化及时调整策略,对油气市场的控制力有所下降。美国通过制裁俄罗斯、伊朗,实施税制改革,对世界油气市场的控制力日益增加。俄罗斯为巩固其在油气市场的地位,或与欧佩克结成"欧佩克-非欧佩克产油国组织"。未来沙特阿拉伯、俄罗斯和美国日渐成为能源市场的实际权力掌控者。资源国通过设立可再生能源发展目标,加强合作,继续推动能源转型。消费国设立可再生能源发展目标,提高碳排放价格,发展可再生能源技术,推动能源替代。《巴黎协定》实施细则在联合国卡托维兹气候大会上通过,但各国在责任、义务以及资金上尚存在巨大分歧,《巴黎协定》目标恐难按期达成。

The global energy governance landscape continued to change in 2018 and Saudi Arabia, Russia and the US are increasingly becoming actual power holders of energy markets. OPEC adjusted its strategy in time according to market changes, declining its control over oil and gas market. Meanwhile, the US gained increasing control over oil and gas market of the world through sanctions against Russia and Iran plus tax reform. In order to consolidate its position in the oil and gas market, Russia may cooperate with OPEC to form an organization of OPEC-NOPEC. In the future, Saudi Arabia,Russia and the US will increasingly become the actual power holders in the energy market. Resource countries will continue to promote energy transformation by establishing renewable energy development goals and strengthening cooperation.Consumer countries should guide consumption, reduce energy consumption and continue to develop renewable energy. The implementation rules of the Paris Climate Agreement were adopted at the United Nations Climate Conference in Katowice.However, there are still huge differences among countries in terms of responsibilities, obligations and funding. The Paris Climate Agreement’s objectives may not be achieved on time.