2013—2015年非洲归国人员疟疾感染风险调查

Infection risk of malaria among Chinese returnees from Africa,2013-2015

目的了解非洲归国人员感染疟疾的可能风险因素和流行病学特征。方法 2013—2015年,采用整体抽样的方法,对回国1月内在4家国际旅行卫生保健中心体检的赴非洲归国人员进行疟疾检测和调查。收集其个人、旅行、旅行前健康咨询、临床症状等信息,采用血涂片镜检和胶体金方法检测疟疾;应用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据处理和统计分析,采用卡方检验分析不同因素对感染疟疾的影响。结果调查了913名从40多个非洲国家归国的人员,检测到76例疟疾,阳性率8.32%。66例现症感染病例主要为恶性疟,占78.79%,混合感染占7.58%,间日疟占4.55%。主要感染者为劳务人员(84.84%)。疟疾感染相关风险因素与其境外停留国家(χ2=50.274,P <0.001)、停留时间(χ2=8.211,P <0.05)、出境目的与职业(χ2=8.187,P <0.05)、文化程度(χ2=19.083,P <0.001)、体检时症状(χ2=224.295,P <0.001)、旅行前健康咨询方式(χ2=9.54,P <0.05)有关。结论赴非洲劳务人员为疟疾感染高危人群,加纳、安哥拉、尼日利亚等非洲国家是我国赴非洲劳务人员输入性疟疾的主要风险来源地。

Objective To know the potential risk factors and the epidemiological characteristics of malaria infection among Chinese returnees from Africa.Methords During 2013 to 2015,with the method of integral sampling,investigation for malaria was carried out among the Chinese returnees from Africa within one month from their came back,for medical examination in four International Travel Healthcare Centers(ITHCs).The information about travel,pretravel health consultation,clinical symptoms was collected.Malaria was diagnosed by method of blood smear microscopy or the rapid detection of colloidal gold strip.The SPSS 19.0 software was used for data processing and statistical analysis.Chi-square test was used for analyzing the influence of different factors on the infection of malaria.ResultsTotally 913 Chinese travelers from 40 African countries were investigated,and 76 malaria cases were detected,with the positive rate of 8.32%.Among the 66 current infections,Plasmodium falciparum infection was predominant,accounted for 78.79%,and the co-infection of P.falciparum and P.vivax malaria accounted for 7.58%,P.vivax accounted for 4.55%respectively.The most of current infections were exported laborsThe possible risk factors were related to destination(<0.001),travel duration(<0.05),the purpose of going abroad and occupation(<0.05),educational level(<0.001),symptoms(<0.001),and the format of pre-travel health education(<0.05).Conclusion The survey showed that the abroad labors was the high-risk group of imported malaria infection,and the country of Ghana,Angola,Nigeria were the major source of imported malaria among returned Chinese labors.