2015—2017年度青岛口岸输入性流感监测分析

Surveillance analysis of imported influenza in Qingdao port during 2015-2017

目的对青岛口岸输入性流感病例的流行病学特征进行分析,为流感的监测及其疫情防控提供依据。方法2015—2017年采集青岛口岸有咳嗽、咽痛、发热(体温≥37℃)等症状的入境人员的鼻咽拭子样本,采用实时荧光RTPCR法对样本进行流感病毒核酸检测和分型。运用描述流行病学方法对流感病例及流感病毒病原学监测数据进行分析。结果 2015—2017年,青岛口岸对1 612名疑似上呼吸道感染的入境人员采集了鼻咽拭子,检出流感病例308例,阳性率为19.11%。3个监测年度青岛口岸入境人群流感发病率分别为6.41例/10万,3.75例/10万和8.53例/10万,流感病例均呈冬春季高发的季节性变化。3个监测年度均为甲型H3N2、H1N1(2009)流感和乙型流感共同流行,2017年12月—2018年2月输入性流感检出率达到近3年最高,Yamagate系乙型流感病毒是2015和2017监测年度主要的乙型流感病毒流行株。检出的流感病例主要来自韩国、日本和泰国,分别占总病例的37.66%、21.10%、12.01%。男性发病率明显高于女性,不同性别检出率差异有统计学意义。结论 2015—2017年,青岛口岸输入性流感为甲型H3N2流感、H1N1(2009)流感和乙型流感交替流行,与全球流感监测网络公布的数据一致。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported influenza at Qingdao port,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of influenza.Methods The nasopharyngeal swabs of entry persons with cough,sore throat,fever(≥37℃)were collected at Qingdao port during 2015-2017.The nucleic acid of influenza virus was detected and subtyped by using Real-time RT-PCR method.Descriptive epidemiology was used to orga-nize and analyze the surveillance and virus detection results.Results A total of 1 612 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from influenza-like cases found at Qingdao port from 2015 to 2017.308 influenza cases were confirmed,with the rate 19.11%.The incidence rates of influenza in international travelers during three surveillance seasons were 6.41 per 100 000,3.75 per 100 000 and 8.53 per 100 000,respectively.The influenza activities during three surveillance seasons all appeared obvious autumn and winter peak.Influenza A H1 N1(2009),influenza A(H3 N2),and influenza B viruses continued to co-circulate.The frequency of B/Yam lineage was significantly high compared to the B/Vic lineage in 2015 and 2017.The top three highest number of imported influenza cases were from Ko-rea,Japan and Thailand,they accounted for 37.66%,21.10%,12.01%of all cases,respectively.Conclusion Influenza activity level was fluctuation in Qingdao port from 2015 to 2017,and influenza A(H3 N2),H1 N1(2009),influenza B virus circulated alternatively.Overall trends were the same as the data from global influenza surveil-lance reports.