全球指标借鉴:以政府创新创造中国时代

Chinese Era with Government Innovation: Global Indicators

本文认为,当今世界,全球化过程遭遇巨大挫折,国际治理在针对跨国恐怖活动、毒品和人口走私、世界范围内的洗钱和经济犯罪、全球流行疾病等方面仍然面临严峻挑战,但是逆全球化的浪潮无法阻挡技术革命的创新,现代科技的进步将继续推动世界时空一体化发展。换一个角度来说,西方民主实践出现危机,但现行国际秩序基础和法律制度短期不会动摇;民主所推崇的一些共同价值仍须被视作人类需要追求的光芒理想。作者分析了全球范围内世情、国情、民情的变化,指出中国是全球化的受益者,全球化推动了中国国内市场机制的建立、自信、开放和包容的心态的形成,以及国际地位的提高。中国应继续高举全球化的旗帜,推进落实“引进来”、“走出去”战略和“一带一路”倡议,实施贸易自由化与便利化,加快国际产能合作及完善全球治理。在政治实践方面,西方虽没有民主“真经”,但我们在批评西方价值观原教主义的同时,必须认识到西方文明也在不断发展;中国要通过自身变革来实现“中国梦”,对人类政治文明作出贡献。作者指出中国政府在自我创新方面,需要建立创新坐标及借鉴世界其他国家使用的一些创新指标。当前全球政府治理标准指数有100多种,而2003年墨西哥《全球政府创新论坛宣言》曾把21世纪政府创新的七大目标列为:低成本政府、优质政府、专业政府、数字政府、规制政府(Regulatory Reform)、诚实政府和透明政府。这些指标恰恰是中国在创新实践中需要达成的目标。作者试图进一步剖析中国政府创新的难点、试点和重点。作者认为,中国“制度优势”的成功因素包括国家动员能力强,便于集中力量办大事,便于实现超常规、跨越式发展。中国政府创新的关键在于创新者群体的创新动力是否强烈、创新规划是否科学合理、各部门之间是否能够协调行动、民众是否愿意配合和参与政府创新举措、舆论环境是否有利,等等。中国政府创新的难点在于在理论和实践方面还有很多禁区,如政府创新在内涵上多被理解成为政府发明和采纳新的管理方法与公共服务,如开通政务微博、提供上门服务、下放管理权限,等等。政府创新应该有更宏大的视角,应该思考与宪法规定相关的重大课题,如党政还要不要分开?人大从木质图章变为“钢印”的艰难转型中,如何能对人事、财政、国防进行有效的监督?各级政府运作财政透明化及其他具体“政策黑洞”问题;未来国家统一中的制度安排,如一国两制内涵的深入探讨是否应包括对联邦制、邦联制的研究,等等。作者认为,中国政府创新目前的突破点,在经济建设方面,要了解“新常态”下创新型经济的需求,以“巧作为”挖掘出自己新的经济功能;在“为人民服务”社会领域,就热点问题(房价、医疗、教育、环保、食品安全、网络/电话诈骗等)不断推出安民惠民新政措施;在司法体制创新和改革方面,要落实“让司法权在阳光下运行”,继续深入反腐斗争。最后,作者强调,中国政府应该思考如何创造创新大格局问题,包括对现行机构要继续大规模改组,简化行政级别,积极推动其他领域如媒体宣传(网络管理)、民意咨询、民生建设的创新,加强民主对话(听证、信访),力求塑造一个全新的、负责任的、更有效率的政府来为人民服务。

In a fast changing world today,globalization has suffered great setbacks and international governance has to face serious challenges in dealing with transnational terrorism,drug and human traffic activities,money launde-ring,economic crimes,as well as global pandemics,and so on.However,anti-globalization efforts cannot stop global innovation in science and technology,which will further make this world more“flat”and thus create more channels of communications.Similarly,problems or even crises in western democratic practices will not change the foundation of the current international order and legal system,and those comment values or key elements embodied in democracy are still high ideals for human pursuit.In the first part of the paper,the author begins with an analysis of the change in international affairs and global public opinion,pointing out that China is a beneficiary of globalization,and thus China needs to continue to call for the building of a world with sustainable peace and comprehensive security,prosperity,openness and inclusion and cleanness and beauty.In the second part of the paper,the author suggested that China should use some of the global governance index to improve its governance.The goal should be aiming at reducing operational cost,providing more professional services,making the process more transparent and responsible and so on.The third part of the paper explores the advantages and difficulties in Chinese government innovation.The so called institutional advantages enable Chinese government mobilize resources and focus on big projects.However,further structural as well as behavioral reforms depend on whether there is strong desire of the policy makers to change the operational system;whether there is a blueprint for overall design,whether different agencies can coordinate well and whether general public support new measures or policies adopted by the government.The author calls for new governmental reform to reflect the need of economic development;to“serve the people”better in social and functional areas such as in regulating housing prices,more services in education,environmental protection,food safety,and so on.The government should also continue its efforts in dealing with the corruption issues and making sure to strengthen its ties with Chinese citizens,transforming itself into a more responsible,efficient and democratic government.