从“大众”到“工农兵”:1930—1970年代连环画的受众话语变迁

From“Mass”to“Worker-Peasant-Soldier”: The Change of Chinese Picture-Story Books' Audience Discourse in 1930^(th)-1970^(th)

1930年代至1970年代是中国连环画发展的黄金时期,其受众话语随着社会形态的嬗变呈现出复杂多维的历史面向。在上世纪三十年代民族资本主义不断发展的背景下,连环画读者被视为"大众",这一话语又在"商业文化的底层消费者"和"具有革命潜力的待启蒙者"两个维度得到不同阐释;随着社会制度的巨大变迁,连环画的"大众"话语被《讲话》所确立的"工农兵"文艺受众所取代,并且在"创作和思想改造的源泉"与"共产主义教育的对象"两个维度得以展开和重构。在此过程中,儿童作为连环画的主要阅读群体,其受众话语呈现出弱化直至消解于主导话语的轨迹。不同的受众话语反映出商业与政治两种意识形态对作为各自潜力对象的连环画读者的争夺,同时也在实践着与社会的互构。

From the 1930 s to the 1970 s,it was the golden age of the development of Chinese picturestory books which discourses of audience showed a complex multi-dimensional historical orientation with the great changes of the social forms.In the context of the national capitalism in the 1930 s,picture-story books readers were regarded as'mass',this discourse was explained separately in two dimensions,'the underprivileged consumer of business culture'and'theenlightened by revolutionary potential'.With the great changes in the social system,it had been replaced by the'Worker-Peasant-Soldier'established by'Yan’an Speech',and this discourse was also reconstructed in two dimensions,'the source of creation and ideological remolding'and'the object of communist education'.In this process,as the main reading group of picture-story books,the children discourse of audience was weakened until it was dispelled into the dominant discourse.Different discourses of audience reflected the competition between business and political ideology for picture-story books readers,at the same time,they were also constructing each other with the society.