年龄相关性黄斑变性的动物模型研究进展

Progress in animal models of age-related macular degeneration

年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)是当代世界65岁以上人群视力丧失的主要原因。对ARMD有效治疗方法的研究需求促进了多种动物模型的发展。ARMD是一种复杂的异质性疾病,涉及遗传、年龄和环境因素等多种危险因素的相互作用。动物模型重建了ARMD的许多组织学特征,使人们对该疾病潜在病理机制的深入了解成为可能。尽管没有一种模型能复制出人类ARMD的所有表型,但可通过表达ARMD的不同特征,揭示ARMD发展过程中慢性氧化损伤、炎症、免疫失调和脂质代谢的作用。本文将对已报道的多种ARMD动物模型进行综述,通过对各模型优势和局限性的分析,为选取合适的动物模型进行相应研究提供一定的帮助,并提供新的造模思路。

Age related macular degeneration(ARMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over 65 years of age. The need for research on effective treatments of ARMD has led to the development of multiple animal models. ARMD is a complex process involving interaction of age, genetic and environmental factors. Animal models have reconstructed many of the histological features in ARMD, making it possible to better understand the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. Although no model can replicate all the phenotypes of human ARMD, it can express different characteristics of ARMD, revealing the roles of chronic oxidative damage, inflammation, immune dysregulation and lipid metabolism in the development of ARMD. This article will reviewthe various ARMD animal models that have been reported. By analyzing the advantages and limitations of each model, it will provide some help for the selection of appropriate animal models for ARMD research and provide new modeling ideas.