自然会话和传统语言教材表现语言行为之差异:以赞同和反对为例

Agreement and Disagreement in Natural Conversation and Traditional Language Textbooks

本文针对语用教学难点,以赞同和反对的表达为例,探讨了传统汉语教材与自然会话在实现言语行为上的差异,并提出改进教材和教学的建议。基于自然口语研究的成果,本研究发现,教材模拟会话表达语言行为的方式常常是高度标记性的,并据此提出,传统教材有必要采用真实语料作为辅助,以准确反映日常交际中语言的常规使用。课堂活动的设计应多让学生观察、接触并参与真实的交际活动,以提高语用能力。

This article,as an endeavor to deal with the dilemma in teaching pragmatic competence,examines how two communicative actions(i.e.,agreement and disagreement)are realized in traditional CSL(Chinese as a Second Language)textbooks and in naturally occurring Mandarin conversations.Based on the research findings in conversation analysis and discourse analysis,the present study shows that artificial dialogues in textbooks are highly marked with respect to the way in which social actions are carried out.It is proposed that authentic materials should be adopted as a supplement to traditional textbooks,in order to faithfully represent speakers’routine practices in daily interaction.The design of classroom activities should expose the students to authentic materials,and engage them in real communication as much as possible,as a means to develop their pragmatic competence.