反分裂主义:共识和应对

Anti-Secessionism:Consensus and Response

反对分裂主义,维护国家主权和领土完整,是当今世界多个国家面临的重大政治及安全挑战。在坚持维护主权独立与领土完整原则方面,世界各国虽然在国家结构形式、意识形态及国家制度等方面各有差异,但在反对国家分裂这一问题上形成了普遍性的宪法与政策共识,并得到多个国际法和国际规范的支持。由此,国家反分裂斗争具备了充分的法理基础。在此基础上,相关国家反分裂的策略与方式主要包括:基于国家强制力的军事打击,基于利益让步的制度妥协,基于国际体系层面的孤立和封锁。整体而言,相关国家在反分裂斗争中的适当性逻辑已具备一定基础,但是,由于各国国家认同建构的不足,在情感性逻辑方面仍有待加强。因此,世界各国除了进一步维护国际法及相关共识的权威、加强国际反分裂合作外,更重要的是强化国家能力的强制性、整合性与凝聚性建设,以稳定和提高国家认同。

A major political and security challenge facing many countries in the world today is secessionism,which threatens national sovereignty and territorial integrity.Although countries may differ in terms of national structure,ideology,and political system,they share a universal constitutional and policy consensus on anti-secession,supported by a wide range of international laws and norms.Thus,in many countries,the national struggle against separatism has a sufficient legal basis.Anti-secessionist strategies and tactics mainly include military strikes using national coercive force,institutional compromises based on interest concession,and international isolation and sanction.In general,while countries involving in anti-separatism struggles may have the legal legitimacy to do so(that is'the logic of appropriateness'),'the affective logic'still needs to be strengthened in order to cultivate a common national identity.Therefore,in addition to safeguarding the authority of international law and consensus and improving international antisecessionism cooperation,countries around the world should strengthen their state capacity in three dimensions-enforcement,integration,and cohesion.