课堂教学中教师须遵循的普遍原则

THE UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES OF CLASSROOM TEACHING WHICH THE TEACHERS MUST COMPLY WITH

教学是复杂的系统工程和创造性的精神劳动,具有思想性、长期性和艰巨性.教学既是科学,也是艺术,是培养学生的价值观、发展情商和开发智慧的重要活动.课堂教学永远是学校教育中最重要和最主要的工作.笔者二十多年课堂教学实践和理论研究表明:教师遵守经典的规范和重要原则是保证课堂教学成功的必备条件.这些原则包括胸怀普世价值观和通才教育、启发式、学生之间的互动、师生互动、循序渐进、教学内容的通识性、因材施教、学生课堂学习期望的非完美性、板书文图优美、情感性和讲演艺术、愉快教学、继承与创新等.对于工作在课堂一线的教师,尤其是年轻教师,时常关注这些原则对于顺利有效地完成教学任务,全面培养和发展大学生的能力素质具有参考意义.

Teaching is a complicated system engineering and a creative mental labor with thoughtful, long-term and arduous. It is also a science, an art and an important activities of cultivating student's values and developing their emotional intelligence and wisdom. Classroom teaching is always the most important and main work in school. The theory research and practice of classroom teaching, which have been more than twenty years, presents that complying with the classic criterion and cardinal principle is decisive to successful classroom teaching. These principles include cherishing universal-values and education for all-round development, heuristic, the interaction between students, the interaction between teachers and students, step by step, general contents, tailoring teaching, the imperfection expectation of student learning in classroom, beautiful blackboard writing and figure, affective and speech art, pleasant teaching, the principle of inheritance and innovation, etc. For the teachers working on classroom teaching, especially for young teachers, paying attention to these principles is very conducive to completing successfully teaching mission, and training and developing the ability and quality of college students.