精准变量排肥器结构优化设计与试验

Optimization design and experiment of precision variable fertilizer device

为解决小麦播种粗放式施肥方式,符合未来精准农业对现代化农业生产的技术要求,本文建立排肥器几何体模型和颗粒离散元仿真模型,对排肥器进行离散元分析,改进导流槽结构;同时运用离散元方法分析外槽轮排肥器不同尺寸和不同运动参数下种群运动规律,分别探讨排肥器槽深和施肥速度优先控制策略对排肥稳定性影响,并应用正交试验对双变量进行方差分析,得出这两个变量对排肥性能影响力的大小。台架试验和田间试验结果表明:改进后的排肥器各行变异系数降低1.3%,总排肥量稳定性变异系数降低3.5%。采用排肥轴转速优先控制策略,当轮槽深度为8mm时,总排肥量稳定性变异系数小于6.5%;采用轮槽深度优先控制策略,当排肥轴转速20r/min时,总排肥量稳定性变异系数小于5.3%。

In order to solve the extensive fertilization method of wheat sowing,and meet the technical requirements of future precision agriculture for modern agricultural production,this paper established the fertilizer model and the particle discrete element simulation model,and carried out discrete element analysis on the fertilizer discharger to improve the diversion.The trough structure is also used to analyze the population movement law of different size and different motion parameters of the outer trough fertilizer device by discrete element method,and to discuss the influence of the fertilizer depth and fertilization speed priority control strategy on the stability of fertilizer discharge,and apply orthogonality.The experiment conducted an analysis of variance on the two variables and obtained the influence of these two variables on the performance of the fertilizer.The results of bench test and field test showed that the coefficient of variation of each row of the improved fertilizer discharger was reduced by 1.3%,and the coefficient of variation of total fertilizer discharge stability was reduced by 3.5%.Adopting the priority control strategy of the fertilization shaft speed,when the groove depth is 8mm,the coefficient of variation of total fertilizer discharge stability is less than 6.5%.Using the groove depth priority control strategy,when the speed of the fertilizer shaft is 20r/min,The variation coefficient of fertilizer retention stability is less than 5.3%.