花椒采收现状及研究进展

Current situation and research progress on fruit picking of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.

花椒是一种在中国广泛栽植的香辛料植物,具有重要经济和生态价值。目前我国花椒采收以手工采摘为主,劳动强度大、效率低、成本高,花椒的采摘问题一直是制约产业发展的瓶颈。本文通过实地调查部分栽培地区的采收情况并查阅文献资料,分别从花椒树的生物学特性、果实成熟季节、人工采收、种植规模等方面的原因,分析花椒采收现状,对比目前花椒采摘的不同机械装置及其主要优缺点,提出花椒采摘机械研发的技术关键和难点及未来机械采收的发展方向,为花椒采摘机械的研发和产业发展提供参考。

Znathoxylum bungeanan Maxim.is one of spice plants that widely planted in China,with important economic and ecological values.At present,manual picking is the main way of Z.bungeanum fruit harvest,high labor intensity,low efficiency and high cost,the problem of picking Z.bungeanum fruit by hand has been the bottleneck of restricting industrial development.In this paper according to the field investigation in some cultivation areas and consulting literature materials,the current situation of fruit picking was analyzed from the biological characteristics,fruit ripening season,artificial harvesting and planting scale.The main advantages and disadvantages of different mechanical devices for Z.bungeanum fruit picking were compared.The key technology and difficulty of Z.bungeanum fruit picking machine research and development were proposed,which provides reference for the research and development of Z.bungeanum fruit picking machinery and industrial development.