我国花生气力输送技术与应用现状

Research and application situation of pneumatic conveying of peanut in China

气力输送在输送系统中占有重要的地位,其应用范围广、涉及学科多,具有广阔的应用前景。本文从气力输送技术的应用和特点入手,分析该技术的优势与不足,可知气力输送相对其他机械式输送方式具有设备结构简单、输送方向任意可调等优点,但也存在动力消耗大、输送物料尺寸受限等缺点,总体来看可适用于输送花生。同时,通过对不同类型气力输送装置的分析,结合花生自身生物与物理特性,系统梳理影响花生气力输送的主要因素,包括花生外形、容积密度、滑动摩擦角、休止角等花生自身生物物理特性,针对花生气力输送过程中荚果损伤率高的问题,归纳分析花生荚果和果仁的破壳和破碎挤压力学特性,同时还总结分析气流速度对花生气力输送的影响。最后,详细阐述和分析气力输送技术在花生播种、收获及产后加工等关键生产环节的应用现状,为气力输送技术在花生生产中的进一步应用提供借鉴与参考。

Pneumatic conveying plays an important role in the conveying system,it has a wide range of applications and involves many disciplines,and has broad application prospects.Starting from the application and characteristics of pneumatic conveying technology,the advantages and disadvantages of the technology are analyzed.Compared with other mechanical conveying modes,pneumatic conveying has the advantages of simple equipment structure and arbitrary adjustable conveying direction,but there are also some shortcomings,such as large power consumption and limited size of conveying materials.In general,pneumatic conveying technology can be used to transport peanuts.Meanwhile,through the analysis of different types of pneumatic conveying devices,combined with biological and physical characteristics of peanut itself.The main influencing factors of peanut pneumatic transportation are systematically sorted out,including peanut shape,volume density,sliding friction angle,angle of repose and other biophysical characteristics of peanut.Aiming at the problem of high damage rate of peanut pods during pneumatic transportation,the mechanical properties of peanut pods and kernels during crushing and extrusion are summarized and analyzed,and the effects of airspeed on pneumatic conveying of peanut are also summarized and analyzed.Finally,the application of pneumatic conveying technology in the key process of peanut seeding,harvesting and post-processing is elaborated and analyzed in detail.This will provide reference for further application of pneumatic conveying technology in peanut production.