农村生活有机垃圾无害化处理设备研究

Study on harmless treatment equipment of rural domestic organic waste

从农村生活垃圾处理处置现状出发,结合农村生活垃圾组分、居民认知水平和接受程度,简化农村生活垃圾分类类别,将其分为农村生活有机垃圾(可腐)、可回收垃圾及其他垃圾三类,并给出了分类处理建议。文中就农村生活有机垃圾给出了就地无害化处理解决方案,设计一种自动控制的有机垃圾无害化处理设备,可以完成不同类型有机垃圾的破碎、混合及好氧发酵无害化处理。该机以发酵温度作为控制条件,通过自动控制营造良好的好氧发酵环境,极大的提高了好氧发酵效率,10~12 d即可完成一个运行周期。通过冬、夏两季各10 d的运行试验表明,农村生活有机垃圾在该设备一个运行周期均可完成好氧发酵无害化处理全过程,且发酵温度保持在55℃~65℃的时长均超过8 d,达到农村生活有机垃圾无害化处理要求。

Based on the present situation of rural domestic waste treatment and disposal,combined with the components of rural domestic waste,residents’cognitive level and acceptance level,the classification of rural domestic waste is simplified,which can be divided into three categories:rural domestic organic waste(perishable),recyclable waste and other garbage.Suggestions for classification and disposal are given.In this paper,the solution of in-situ harmless treatment of rural domestic organic garbage is given,and an automatic control equipment for harmless treatment of organic garbage is designed,which can complete the harmless treatment of different types of organic garbage by crushing,mixing and aerobic fermentation.The machine takes fermentation temperature as control condition and creates a good aerobic fermentation environment by automatic control,which greatly improves the efficiency of aerobic fermentation,and can complete a running cycle in 10~12 days.The operation test of 10 days in winter and summer showed that the whole process of aerobic fermentation and innocuous treatment of rural domestic organic waste could be completed in one operation cycle of the equipment,and the time of keeping fermentation temperature between 55 and 65 degrees centigrade exceeded 8 days,which met the requirement of innocuous treatment of rural domestic organic waste.