立法机关违法立法行为的二元责任论建构

The Construction of the Dual Responsibility Theory of Legislature's Illegal Legislation

2017年全国人大常委会法制工作委员会备案审查室出台了"十大备案审查案例"^([1]),这是推进合宪性审查的应有之意。但现有的研究多集中于规范性文件的抽象审查,对公权力机关行使公权力行为的审查却往往"选择性遗忘"。从本体论上讲,立法机关所拥有的立法权应该属于国家公共权力,根据霍菲尔德的阐释,"权力"与因违法行使权力所产生的"责任"应是"存在A即存在B"的伴随关系。因此将立法机关行使立法权的立法行为纳入审查对象首先体现了将一切公权力行为纳入合宪性审查的监督理念,是对目前仅有规范性文件抽象审查模式的补足;其次也与实践中地方立法所一直呼吁的"规范性文件制定机关应承担不利法律后果"形成关照^([2])。

In 2017,The National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China Standing Committee Legal Affairs Committee’s filing review office issued the'Ten Major Recording Review Cases',which put forward the results and the according of the filing review and processing of the ten normative documents and the basis for handling them.This is the proper meaning of advancing the constitutional review in the new era.However,the existing research mostly focuses on the abstract review of normative documents,and the review of the exercise of public power by public authorities is often 'selective forgotten'.Under the theory of ontological,the legislative power possessed by the legislature should be the state’s public power.According to the theory of Hohfeld ',power' and 'responsibility(liability)arising from the illegal exercise of power')should be the accompanying relationship of 'the existence of A exists B'.Therefore,the legislative action of legislature to exercise legislative power is firstly reflected in the supervision concept of including all public power behaviors into constitutional review,which is complementary to the abstract review mode of normative documents.Secondly,The legislation should bear the unfavorable legal consequences'that the local Legislative institution has been calling for.