西式“离间计”的运用机理——评《分而制胜:冷战时期美国楔子战略研究》

The Application Mechanism of Western“Differentiation”:A Comment on Divide and Conquer:Research on the American Wedge Strategy during the Cold War

离间计作为阴谋诡计,在崇尚为人坦荡、行事正派的中国社会往往不齿于提及。然而,作为西式'离间计',楔子战略在西方社会却大行其道。美国在冷战时期对楔子战略的推崇和运用,瓦解了中苏同盟,离间了苏东关系,成为'分而制胜'的法宝。因此,对楔子战略进行深入研究具有学术、政策和战略参考价值。凌胜利博士从概念、机制、案例三个方面对楔子战略进行了全景透视和深入分析,为中国应对美国在印太地区运用楔子战略提供对策。经过凌胜利博士的解析,我们认识到,楔子战略既是着眼于分化、拆解对手联盟的反联盟战略,也是着眼于不战而屈人之兵或战而胜之的长期积累战略;既是注重'伐谋伐交'的慎武型战略,也是注重联盟预阻的预防性战略。分化者通过在联盟关系中打入楔子来影响盟友之间的利益关系,促使对象国认识到加入敌对联盟将得不偿失,而背叛盟国将有利可图。未来,国际权力斗争不息,楔子战略运用便会不止,对楔子战略的研究也必将更进一步。

As a conspiratorial scheme, differentiation, which advocates that people should be honest and behave in a decent way, is often not mentioned in Chinese society.However, as a Western "differentiation," a wedge strategy has been very popular in Western society. During the Cold War, the United States advocated and applied a wedge strategy to destroy the Sino-Soviet alliance and the separation of the relations between the Soviet Unionand Eastern Europe became the key to divide and conquer. Therefore, an in-depth study of a wedge strategy has academic, policy, and strategic value. Based on the concept,mechanism, and case, Dr. Ling Shengli provides a panoramic perspective and an in-depth analysis of the wedge strategy, which provided countermeasures for China to cope with the U. S. wedge strategy in the Indian-Pacific region. Based on Dr. Ling’s analysis, we realize that the wedge strategy was not only an anti-alliance strategy focusing on dividing and dissolving alliances among rivals but also a long-term cumulative strategy focusing on defeating the enemy without fighting or winning without fighting. It was not only a prudent military strategy focusing on " strategy and diplomacy" but also a preventive strategy focusing on alliance resistance. The dividers influenced the interests of the allies by wedging them into an alliance,prompting rival countries to realize that joining a hostile alliance was not. worth the cost,while betraying an ally was profitable. In the future, international power struggles will continue, the use of wedge strategies will not be limited, and research on wedge strategies will be furthered.