参与式治理:应对全球气候危机的第三条路径?——兼评弗兰克·费希尔《气候危机与民主展望》

Participatory Governance:A Third Path to Tackle Global Climate Change?——A Critical Review of Climate Crisis and the Democratic Prospect:“Participatory Governance in Sustainable Communities”

如何应对全球气候变化危机是当前学术界共同关注的热点议题之一。从环境政治学的视角来看,已有研究可大体划分为环境民主主义与环境威权主义两条路径。美国学者弗兰克·费希尔在对已有研究进行评述的基础上,提出了'参与式环境治理'的解决路径,作为环境民主的替代方案,旨在通过赋权、培育并调动社会公众参与环境行动的能力,共同应对生态危机。本文对环境政治学理论进行了系统梳理,并从理论视角分析了费希尔提出的'第三条路径'。研究发现,第一,'参与式环境治理'属于直接参与型基层民主的范畴,以基层生态民主为核心,充分纳入了社会价值的考量,侧重于弥补已有路径在公众参与维度上的缺陷。第二,'参与式环境治理'在应对气候危机的及时性与有效性等方面存在不足,中国应对气候变化行动与制度创新、新兴信息技术的应用等可能为国际社会更有效地应对气候危机提供有益的参考和补充。

A focal topic of academic study in recent years has been how to cope with global climate change.From the perspective of environmental politics,existing studies may be divided into two different approaches,i.e.,environmental democracy and environmental authoritarianism.Frank Fischer,in Climate Crisis and the Democratic Prospect':Participatory Governance in Sustainable Communities,develops the concept of'participatory governance'as an alternative to environmental democracy to cultivate environmental citizenship and to promote public participation in the fight against eco-crises.Based on a literature review on environmental politics,this article introduces and analyzes Fischer’s'participatory governance.'It finds that,first,'participatory governance'is a sub-stream of direct eco-democracy,which emphasizes social value and public participation;second,'participatory environmental governance'has shortcomings in terms of the timeliness and effectiveness of the response to the climate crisis.China’s climate-change actions and institutional innovations,and the application of newly emerging information technologies,may provide useful references for the international community to respond more effectively to the climate crisis and to develop a new governance mode.