广西1996～2001年出生缺陷监测资料分析

The data analysis of monitoring birth defect in Guangxi province from1996 to 2001

按照卫生部关于“三网合一”监测方案的要求 ,自 1996年以来 ,系统地对全自治区围产儿进行了出生缺陷监测 ,6年中共监测围产儿 10 15 94例 ,发现出生缺陷儿 15 5 0例 ,各年度的出生缺陷发生率分别为 9.60‰、12 .0 2‰、14.90‰、15 .0 8‰、17.46‰、17.97‰ ,呈现明显的上升趋势 ;男、女婴出生缺陷发生率分别为 15 .3 2‰、14.5 7‰ ,有明显差异 ( χ2 =2 8.5 6,P<0 .0 0 5 ) ;城乡出生缺陷发生率为 14.5 4‰、 16.2 9‰ ,有明显差异 ( χ2 =5 .0 2 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;产母年龄≥ 3 5岁是出生缺陷的高危因素 ;出生缺陷儿死亡居围产儿死亡的首位原因 ;前 5位出生缺陷为巴氏胎儿水肿综合征 ,多指 (趾 )、唇裂并腭裂、先天性脑积水、肢体短缩。干预措施为 :1合理布局监测网点 ;2开展医院监测和社区监测 ;3积极开展出生缺陷发生的三级预防措施 ;4充分发挥三级妇幼保健网对出生缺陷的监测作用 ;5建立和启动“出生缺陷干预工程”;6培育和健全法律体系 。

Since 1996,the perinatal infants had been monitored on birth defect in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In the recent 6 years, 101 594 cases perinatal infants were monitored, 1 550 cases with birth defect were found. The occurrence rate of birth defect was 9 60‰, 12 02‰, 14 90 ‰, 15 08‰, 17 46‰, 17 97‰, respectively. The birth defect rate have upward trend from 1996 to 2001; The boys with birth defect rate is 15 32‰, the girls with birth defect rate is 14 57‰, there is significant difference ( χ 2=28 56, P <0 005); The occurrence rate of birth defect in city and countryside is 14 54‰ and 16 29‰, respectively. There is significant difference in city and countryside ( χ 2=5 02, P <0 05); The age of puerpera ≥35 is a high risk factor of birth defect; death of birth defect infants is the first reason in perinatal infant death; the five former order of birth defect are Bart's fetal hydrous syndrome, polydactyly, harelip combined with palatoschisis, congenital hydrocephalus, shortening deformity of extremity. The intervene measures have: ①set up reasonably monitoring network over an area; ②develop hospital and community monitoring; ③ take 3 level prevention measures to prevent happening of birth defect; ④ bring the 3 level MCH network monitoring action into full play; ⑤ set up and switch on the 'intervene project of birth defect '; ⑥ develop and perfect law system to interfere the birth defect by law.